/**************************************************************************** * Donohue and Wolfers (2006) * Figure 3 * Homicide Rates in the United States ****************************************************************************/ clear cd "..." use "UCR 1960-2003.dta", clear drop if st=="US" rename murderandnonnegligentmanslaught murders rename murderrate murdrate egen stid=group(st) tsset stid year gen legal=1 replace legal=0 if st=="MI" & year>=1846 replace legal=0 if st=="RI" & year>=1852 replace legal=0 if st=="WI" & year>=1853 replace legal=0 if st=="IA" & year>=1872 & year<1878 replace legal=0 if st=="ME" & year>=1876 & year<1883 replace legal=0 if st=="ME" & year>=1887 replace legal=0 if st=="CO" & year>=1897 & year<1901 replace legal=0 if st=="KS" & year>=1907 & year<1935 replace legal=0 if st=="MN" & year>=1911 replace legal=0 if st=="WA" & year>=1913 & year<1919 replace legal=0 if st=="OR" & year>=1914 & year<1920 * replace legal=0 if st=="ND" & year>=1915 replace legal=0 if st=="SD" & year>=1915 & year<1939 replace legal=0 if st=="TN" & year>=1915 & year<1916 replace legal=0 if st=="AZ" & year>=1916 & year<1918 replace legal=0 if st=="MO" & year>=1917 & year<1919 replace legal=0 if st=="AK" & year>=1957 replace legal=0 if st=="HI" & year>=1957 replace legal=0 if st=="DE" & year>=1958 & year<1961 replace legal=0 if st=="OR" & year>=1964 replace legal=0 if st=="IA" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="WV" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="VT" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="NY" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="NM" & year>=1969 replace legal=0 if st=="NH" & year>=1972 /* Court decision */ replace legal=0 if st=="CA" & year>=1972 /* Court decision */ replace legal=0 if year>=1972 replace legal=1 if st=="RI" & year>=1977 & year<1984 replace legal=1 if st=="MA" & year>=1982 & year<1984 replace legal=1 if st=="AL" & year>=1976 replace legal=1 if st=="AZ" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="AR" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="CA" & year>=1977 replace legal=1 if st=="CO" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="CT" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="DE" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="FL" & year>=1972 replace legal=1 if st=="GA" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="ID" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="IL" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="IN" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="KS" & year>=1994 replace legal=1 if st=="KY" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="LA" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="MD" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="MS" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="MO" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="MT" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="NE" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="NV" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="NH" & year>=1991 replace legal=1 if st=="NJ" & year>=1982 replace legal=1 if st=="NM" & year>=1979 replace legal=1 if st=="NY" & year>=1995 replace legal=1 if st=="NC" & year>=1977 replace legal=1 if st=="OH" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="OK" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="OR" & year>=1978 replace legal=1 if st=="PA" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="SC" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="SD" & year>=1979 replace legal=1 if st=="TN" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="TX" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="UT" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="VA" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="WA" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="WY" & year>=1977 replace legal=0 if year>=1972 & year<1976 gen abolitionist=0 for any AK HI ME MI MN WI: replace abolitionist=1 if st=="X" egen absmurds=sum(murders), by(abolitionist year) egen abspop=sum(pop), by(abolitionist year) gen absmurdrate=100000*absmurds/abspop egen abstag=tag(abolitionist year) twoway (line absmurdrate year if abolitionist==1, sort lcolor(red) lpattern(dash)) (line absmurdrate year if abolitionist==0, lcolor(blue) lwidth(medium)) if abstag==1 & year>=1960 & year<=2000, ytitle("Annual homicides per 100,000 residents") ylabel(0(3)12, angle(horizontal)) xtitle(Year) xmlabel(, tposition(inside) angle(vertical)) xline(1967 1972 1976, lwidth(thin) lcolor(black)) title(Homicide Rates in the United States) legend( rows(2) order(1 "Controls: Non-death penalty states" 2 "Treatment states (all others)")) legend(position(12)) text(3.5 1966.5 "Last execution until 1977", orientation(vertical)) text(6 1971.5 "Furman decision: Death penalty abolished", orientation(vertical)) text(5.9 1976.5 "Gregg decision: Death penalty re-instated", orientation(vertical)) note("Non-death penalty states are those without a death penalty throughout 1960-2000: AK HI ME MI MN WI") xsize(10) ysize(7.5)