/******************************************************************************************************** * Donohue and Wolfers (2006) * Table 8 * Estimating Net Lives Saved per Execution: Exploring the Validity of the Dezhbakhsh, Rubin, * and Shepherd (DRS) Instrumental Variables (1977-1996) ********************************************************************************************************/ pause on set more off cd "..." clear program drop _all set mem 800m set mat 500 program define setlags * Program creates the variables required for models 4-6 drop if YEAR==76 drop if COUNTY==51570 & YEAR==80 & MURDO1==0 tsset COUNTY YEAR * But I'll butcher it slightly egen yr=rank(YEAR), by(COUNTY) tsset COUNTY yr sort COUNTY yr * Prepare Table 5 variables for Q in any PAMURC PEXECF PEXECP PEXECA PSENTP PSENTF PSENTA: gen Qb=Q replace PAMURCb=. if MURDO1==0 & AMUR~=. for Q in any PAMURC PEXECF PEXECP PEXECA: for Z in num 1/6: gen QZb=lZ.Qb if Qb==. for Z in num 1/6: replace PEXECFZb=0 if PEXECFZb==. & YEAR-Z<77 for Z in num 1/6: replace PAMURCb=PAMURCZb if PAMURCb==. & MURDO1==0 & AMUR~=. for Z in num 1/6: for Q in any PEXECF PEXECP PEXECA: replace Qb=QZb if Qb==. end program define firststage * First Stage, Table 4 areg PAMURC POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PAMURCP2 , xbd areg PSENTP POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PSENTPP2 , xbd areg PSENTF POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PSENTFP2 , xbd areg PSENTA POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC] if (FIPSSTAT==4 & (YEAR==82 | YEAR==83))~=1, absorb(COUNTY) predict PSENTAP2, xbd areg PEXECP POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PEXECPP2, xbd areg PEXECF POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PEXECFP2, xbd areg PEXECA POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PEXECAP2, xbd * First stage, Table 5 areg PAMURCb POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PAMURCP2b , xbd areg PSENTPb POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PSENTPP2b , xbd areg PSENTFb POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PSENTFP2b , xbd areg PSENTAb POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC] if (FIPSSTAT==4 & (YEAR==82 | YEAR==83))~=1, absorb(COUNTY) predict PSENTAP2b, xbd areg PEXECPb POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PEXECPP2b, xbd areg PEXECFb POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PEXECFP2b, xbd areg PEXECAb POLEXPD JLEXPD RATAGA RATROB NRARATE PRISADM vote1 vote2 vote3 vote4 vote5 vote6 DENSITYM RPCIM RPCUI RPCPI PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) predict double PEXECAP2b, xbd end program define secondstage * Table 4 of DRS areg RATMUR RATAGA RATROB PAMURCP2 PSENTPP2 PEXECPP2 PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM NRARATE RPCPI RPCIM RPCUI DENSITYM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) lincom -_b[PEXECPP2]*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECPP2]+1.96*_se[PEXECPP2])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECPP2]-1.96*_se[PEXECPP2])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 areg RATMUR RATAGA RATROB PAMURCP2 PSENTFP2 PEXECFP2 PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM NRARATE RPCPI RPCIM RPCUI DENSITYM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) lincom -_b[PEXECFP2]*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECFP2]+1.96*_se[PEXECFP2])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECFP2]-1.96*_se[PEXECFP2])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 areg RATMUR RATAGA RATROB PAMURCP2 PSENTAP2 PEXECAP2 PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM NRARATE RPCPI RPCIM RPCUI DENSITYM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) lincom -_b[PEXECAP2]*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECAP2]+1.96*_se[PEXECAP2])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECAP2]-1.96*_se[PEXECAP2])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 * Table 5 of DRS areg RATMUR RATAGA RATROB PAMURCP2b PSENTPP2b PEXECPP2b PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM NRARATE RPCPI RPCIM RPCUI DENSITYM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) lincom -_b[PEXECPP2b]*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECPP2b]+1.96*_se[PEXECPP2b])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECPP2b]-1.96*_se[PEXECPP2b])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 areg RATMUR RATAGA RATROB PAMURCP2b PSENTFP2b PEXECFP2b PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM NRARATE RPCPI RPCIM RPCUI DENSITYM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) lincom -_b[PEXECFP2b]*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECFP2b]+1.96*_se[PEXECFP2b])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECFP2b]-1.96*_se[PEXECFP2b])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 areg RATMUR RATAGA RATROB PAMURCP2b PSENTAP2b PEXECAP2b PP1019 PP2029 PPB PPN PPM NRARATE RPCPI RPCIM RPCUI DENSITYM IYEAR* [aweight=POPC], absorb(COUNTY) lincom -_b[PEXECAP2b]*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECAP2b]+1.96*_se[PEXECAP2b])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 lincom -(_b[PEXECAP2b]-1.96*_se[PEXECAP2b])*((2293)/38)/(320/38)-1 end *Panel A use CPcounty5_send.dta, clear setlags firststage secondstage *Panel B use CPcounty5_send.dta, clear gen fips=FIPSST * cd .. do "fips to st.do" gen year=YEAR+1900 gen legal=1 replace legal=0 if st=="MI" & year>=1846 replace legal=0 if st=="RI" & year>=1852 replace legal=0 if st=="WI" & year>=1853 replace legal=0 if st=="IA" & year>=1872 & year<1878 replace legal=0 if st=="ME" & year>=1876 & year<1883 replace legal=0 if st=="ME" & year>=1887 replace legal=0 if st=="CO" & year>=1897 & year<1901 replace legal=0 if st=="KS" & year>=1907 & year<1935 replace legal=0 if st=="MN" & year>=1911 replace legal=0 if st=="WA" & year>=1913 & year<1919 replace legal=0 if st=="OR" & year>=1914 & year<1920 replace legal=0 if st=="ND" & year>=1973 replace legal=0 if st=="SD" & year>=1915 & year<1939 replace legal=0 if st=="TN" & year>=1915 & year<1916 replace legal=0 if st=="AZ" & year>=1916 & year<1918 replace legal=0 if st=="MO" & year>=1917 & year<1919 replace legal=0 if st=="AK" & year>=1957 replace legal=0 if st=="HI" & year>=1957 replace legal=0 if st=="DE" & year>=1958 & year<1961 replace legal=0 if st=="OR" & year>=1964 replace legal=0 if st=="IA" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="WV" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="VT" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="NY" & year>=1965 replace legal=0 if st=="NM" & year>=1969 replace legal=0 if st=="NH" & year>=1972 /* Court decision */ replace legal=0 if st=="CA" & year>=1972 /* Court decision */ replace legal=0 if year>=1972 replace legal=1 if st=="RI" & year>=1977 & year<1984 replace legal=1 if st=="MA" & year>=1982 & year<1984 replace legal=1 if st=="AL" & year>=1976 replace legal=1 if st=="AZ" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="AR" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="CA" & year>=1977 replace legal=1 if st=="CO" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="CT" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="DE" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="FL" & year>=1972 replace legal=1 if st=="GA" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="ID" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="IL" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="IN" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="KS" & year>=1994 replace legal=1 if st=="KY" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="LA" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="MD" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="MS" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="MO" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="MT" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="NE" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="NV" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="NH" & year>=1991 replace legal=1 if st=="NJ" & year>=1982 replace legal=1 if st=="NM" & year>=1979 replace legal=1 if st=="NY" & year>=1995 replace legal=1 if st=="NC" & year>=1977 replace legal=1 if st=="OH" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="OK" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="OR" & year>=1978 replace legal=1 if st=="PA" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="SC" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="SD" & year>=1979 replace legal=1 if st=="TN" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="TX" & year>=1974 replace legal=1 if st=="UT" & year>=1973 replace legal=1 if st=="VA" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="WA" & year>=1975 replace legal=1 if st=="WY" & year>=1977 replace legal=0 if year>=1972 & year<1976 setlags firststage preserve replace RATMUR=. if legal==1 secondstage *Panel C use CPcounty5_send.dta, clear setlags firststage for var vote1-vote6: gen IYEAR_X=X secondstage drop IYEAR_v* *Panel D use CPcounty5_send.dta, clear setlags firststage for var PRISADM JLEXPD POLEXPD: gen IYEAR_X=X secondstage drop IYEAR_PRISADM IYEAR_JLEXPD IYEAR_POLEXPD